Yeast-Derived Biomolecules as Green Nanoplatforms for Sustainable Lignocellulosic Biorefineries

Sanchez Vera F.P.; Clerici N.J.; Lourenço G.A.; Santa Rita S.B.; Garcia Bustos K.A.; Martinez E.F.; Silva G.O.; Franco Marcelino P.R.; dos Santos J.C.; da Silva S.S. · Fermentation (2025) · DOI: 10.3390/fermentation11120695

Resumen

Yeast-derived biomolecules are redefining the boundaries of green nanotechnology. Biosurfactants, exopolysaccharides, enzymes, pigments, proteins, and organic acids—when sourced from carbohydrate-rich lignocellulosic hydrolysates—offer a molecular toolbox capable of directing, stabilizing, and functionalizing nanoparticles (NPs) with unprecedented precision. Beyond their structural diversity and intrinsic biocompatibility, these biomolecules anchor a paradigm shift: the convergence of biorefineries with nanotechnology to deliver multifunctional materials for the circular bioeconomy. This review explores: (i) the expanding portfolio of metallic and metal oxide NPs synthesized through yeast biomolecules; (ii) molecular-level mechanisms of reduction, capping, and surface tailoring that dictate NP morphology, stability, and reactivity; (iii) synergistic roles in intensifying lignocellulosic processes—from enhanced hydrolysis to catalytic upgrading; and (iv) frontier applications spanning antimicrobial coatings, regenerative packaging, precision agriculture, and environmental remediation. We highlight structure–function relationships, where amphiphilicity, charge distribution, and redox activity govern resilience under saline, acidic, and thermally harsh industrial matrices. Yet, critical bottlenecks remain: inconsistent yields, limited comparative studies, downstream recovery hurdles, and the absence of comprehensive life-cycle and toxicological evaluations. To bridge this gap, we propose a translational roadmap coupling standardized characterization with real hydrolysate testing, molecular libraries linking biomolecule chemistry to NP performance, and integrated techno-economic and environmental assessments. By aligning yeast biotechnology with nanoscience, we argue that yeast-biomolecule-driven nanoplatforms are not merely sustainable alternatives but transformative solutions for next-generation lignocellulosic biorefineries.

Instituciones: Universidad Católica de Santa María