Water Efficiency in the Construction of Water Channels and the Ancestral Constructive Sustainability of Cumbemayo, Peru

Esenarro D.; Palomino Gutierrez D.; Santa Cruz Peña K.; Vilchez Cairo J.; Tafur Anzualdo V.I.; Veliz Garagatti M.; Salas Delgado G.W.; Alfaro Aucca C. · Heritage (2025) · DOI: 10.3390/heritage8090345

Resumen

The ancestral water channels are affected by a lack of awareness regarding their preservation, the deterioration of their structure, and the pollution of nearby water bodies due to waste discharge. Additionally, the growth of vegetation, sediment accumulation, and the presence of crab burrows have caused blockages and erosion of the stone, compromising their stability. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the water efficiency in the construction of water channels and the ancestral constructive sustainability of Cumbemayo, Peru. The methodology is based on an on-site study, taking into account the terrain, climate, and water flow from a spatial, functional, and constructive perspective, supported by digital tools such as Google Earth Pro 2024, AutoCAD 2024, SketchUp 2024, 3D Sun Path 2024, and D5 Render 2024. Regarding the findings, it was evidenced that the channel contains carvings in the rock that reflect their reverence for nature. It also maintains a constant slope of 1.5 mm per linear meter along its 18.9 km length. Its design, which combines straight and zigzag sections, optimizes water flow and may be linked to astronomical and ceremonial knowledge. Its dimensions range between 0.35 and 0.50 m in width and between 0.10 and 0.30 m in depth, with a precise leveling system that allows for flow control. Its stone construction demonstrates the technical mastery of its creators, ensuring strength and long-term durability. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of the canal and the challenges it faces in terms of conservation. Erosion, vegetation, and sediment accumulation threaten its stability, making it essential to implement protective measures that ensure its long-term preservation.

Instituciones: Universidad Ricardo Palma; Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal; Universidad Andina del Cusco; Universidad Marcelino Champagnat