Waste valorization in winery and distillery industry by producing biofertilizers and organic amendments

Mendoza K.; Linares V.; Hatta B.; Tinoco Y.; Alvarado J.; Di Laura A. · BIO Web of Conferences (2023) · DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20236801011

Resumen

The winery and distilling spirits industry generate a remarkable amount of by-products and wasted, that are not properly managed, posing socioeconomic problems and environmental risks, due to their seasonal availability and polluting elements. Traditionally, valorization strategies have focused on composting. for direct use as a soil conditioner in the vineyard. However, this process requires a long period and a large free surface (aerobic), and could cause phytotoxicity and an antimicrobial effect. An alternative treatment strategy for these organic wasted is anaerobic digestion, which period less than 25 days and in a reduced work area, two digestates are obtained: liquid and solid, suitable for agricultural use as organic amendments in the vineyard. This work aims at evaluating the feasibility of using winemaking lees and distillation vinasses in the obtaining of biofertilizers and organic amendments by anaerobic digestion using a microbial consortium and estimating their economic valorization on a medium scale for a winery in the Cañete Valley (Peru). The evolution of the digestion process (pH, Electrical Conductivity and Temperature) was monitored, and then to characterize the digestates with a physicochemical and microbiological analysis. The results of both products obtained show a significant concentration of organic matter and phytonutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) in a slightly acidic medium (pH value of between 3.8 and 5.8), due to the presence of some lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus species, which could confer properties as biostimulators and biocontrol agents. Their stability (pH, color and odor) was evaluated for an additional 30 days, showing excellent hygienic conditions, due to the absence of pathogenic microorganisms, making it possible to incorporate them together with others amendments during halfpart of the viticultural season. Therefore, the valorization of winemaking and wasted by-products by producing biofertilizers and organic amendments for agricultural use could largely replace the use of synthetic fertilization and recover soil fertility. The socioeconomic and environmental benefits would be multiple, within an agroecological transition and circular economy approach. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina