THE TOCA DA ENTRADA DO BAIXÃO DA VACA: EVIDENCE OF HUMAN ADAPTABILITY TO HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE CAATINGA BIOME; [A TOCA DA ENTRADA DO BAIXÃO DA VACA: EVIDÊNCIAS DA ADAPTABILIDADE HUMANA ÀS MUDANÇAS HIDROGEOLÓGICAS E CLIMÁTICAS NO BIOMA DA CAATINGA]

Surya L.; Eleutério D.; Caro C.; Pereira P.J.; Sotomayor D.; Silva J.A.; Bandeira A. · Revista de Arqueologia (2026) · DOI: 10.24885/sab.v39i3.1364

Resumen

We discuss the hydrogeological and climatic transformations of the Serra da Capivara National Park and their repercussions on the rock-art heritage, using atmospheric data collected over the four-year period (2021–2025) at the Toca da Entrada do Baixão da Vaca site as a reference. We highlight the adaptability of hunter-gatherer groups, based on the identification of fluvial fauna in the rock-art records, which provides evidence of the reconfiguration of the ecosystem and the occupation of paleochannels in the Desfiladeiro da Capivara. The data demonstrate that the ecological balance has been altered by natural and anthropogenic processes: soil degradation, loss of vegetation cover, and greater thermal variability. These findings highlight the need for integrated policies for water-resource management, ecological restoration, and climate adaptation to support the conservation of rock-art heritage.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina