The physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics in robotic surgery: A systematic review of experimental studies

Lakshani U.; Abbas G.H.; Zevallos A.; Smeenk F.W.J.M.; van Mook W.N.K.A.; Pouwels S. · Surgeon (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2026.06.002

Resumen

Background This innovation provides significant ergonomic benefits, along with some new challenges compared to traditional laparoscopic (TLS) and open surgical methods. Therefore, this study analyzes relevant published experimental research to evaluate ergonomics associated with RAS. Methods and materials A systematic search was performed utilizing the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase databases to identify relevant literature related to physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics in RAS. Subsequently, eligible articles were selected using the Rayyan tool. The quality assessment was done using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (ROB-2, version 2). Outcomes were systematically categorized and evaluated manually, and the findings were presented in a structured format, highlighting the key aspects of physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. Results The analysis included 17 articles, comprising 14 RCTs, 2 clinical trials, and 1 pilot study. Among these, 9 studies evaluated physical ergonomics, 9 addressed cognitive ergonomics, and 8 focused on organizational ergonomics. The findings indicate the RAS significantly enhances physical ergonomics for surgeons by decreasing physical demands, effort, and discomfort while simultaneously improving dexterity and ease of use. Additionally, RAS reduces the ergonomic risks associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) compared to TLS. Conclusion RAS has superiority in physical ergonomics compared to traditional methods.

Instituciones: Universidad Científica del Sur