The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis

Abou Ghayda R.; Lee K.H.; Han Y.J.; Ryu S.; Hong S.H.; Yoon S.; Jeong G.H.; Yang J.; Lee H.J.; Lee J.; Lee J.Y.; Effenberger M.; Eisenhut M.; Kronbichler A.; Solmi M.; Li H.; Jacob L.; Koyanagi A.; Radua J.; Park M.B.; Aghayeva S.; Ahmed M.L.C.B.; Al Serouri A.; Al-Shamsi H.O.; Amir-Behghadami M.; Baatarkhuu O.; Bashour H.; Bondarenko A.; Camacho-Ortiz A.; Castro F.; Cox H.; Davtyan H.; Douglas K.; Dragioti E.; Ebrahim S.; Ferioli M.; Harapan H.; Mallah S.I.; Ikram A.; Inoue S.; Jankovic S.; Jayarajah U.; Jesenak M.; Kakodkar P.; Kebede Y.; Kifle M.; Koh D.; Males V.K.; Kotfis K.; Lakoh S.; Ling L.; Llibre-Guerra J.; Machida M.; Makurumidze R.; Mamun M.A.; Masic I.; Van Minh H.; Moiseev S.; Nadasdy T.; Nahshon C.; Ñamendys-Silva S.A.; Yongsi B.N.; Nielsen H.B.; Nodjikouambaye Z.A.; Ohnmar O.; Oksanen A.; Owopetu O.; Parperis K.; Perez G.E.; Pongpirul K.; Rademaker M.; Rosa S.; Sah R.; Sallam D.; Schober P.; Singhal T.; Tafaj S.; Torres I.; Torres-Roman J.S.; Tsartsalis D.; Tsolmon J.; Tuychiev L.; Vukcevic B.; Wanghi G.; Wollina U.; Xu R.-H.; Yang L.; Zaidi Z.; Smith L.; Shin J.I. · Journal of Medical Virology (2022) · DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27610

Resumen

The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19's case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.

Instituciones: Universidad Científica del Sur