Systematic Review: Technological Innovations Implemented in Smart Cities to Mitigate Water Scarcity

Velarde-Allazo E.; Pinto Quispe X.; Apaza R.; Lagos A. · Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (2024) · DOI: 10.18687/laccei2024.1.1.1248

Resumen

In recent years, overpopulation and climate change have generated significant consequences, with water scarcity standing out as a central issue that affects not only human consumption but also agriculture and industry. In this context, the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to explore technological innovations employed to mitigate water consumption and promote its efficient use. The methodology, based on the PICO approach, used specific questions to identify keywords, which were subsequently employed in searches across the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. The application of the PRISMA approach established exclusion and inclusion criteria and facilitated the selection of relevant articles. The results highlighted that technologies such as moisture monitoring achieve water savings of up to 31%. Additionally, flow sensors and water level probes contribute effectively to reducing consumption, underscoring the importance of water quality monitoring and leak detection. The implementation of emerging technologies, such as moisture monitoring, temperature monitoring, and water level probes in water distribution systems, offer efficient water savings, with reductions of up to 53.5%. The need for cost-effective solutions for water quality monitoring is emphasized, and the significant contribution of these technologies to the long-term sustainability of water resources is underscored. Emphasizing the importance of continued research into new technological applications that address water scarcity and implementations worldwide.

Instituciones: Universidad Tecnológica del Perú