Sustainable Mobility: Electric Vehicle with Hybrid Energy Batteries of Human Propulsion and Solar

Apaza M.; Apaza P. · Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (2025) · DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92651-8_15

Resumen

This study presents the design, construction, and evaluation of an urban electric vehicle prototype powered by hybrid energy sources: photovoltaic solar panels and human propulsion. Its primary goal is to provide a sustainable solution for public transportation while significantly reducing CO2 emissions from traditional internal combustion vehicles. In Peru, public transport accounts for over 35% of CO2 emissions. The vehicle features a propulsion system driven by a 10 kW synchronous electric motor, powered by a 48 V, 960 Wh battery, supplemented by energy generated through dynamic pedals and a high-efficiency solar panel. It offers an electric range of 2 h at a constant speed of 40 km/h on flat urban roads, with a regenerative braking system that enhances energy efficiency during deceleration. This innovative methodological approach integrates clean technologies with a lightweight, aerodynamic design, meeting international standards like ISO 26262 and Peruvian mobility legislation (D.S. No. 058–2003-MTC). The results highlight significant advancements in sustainability, energy efficiency, and emission reduction. This prototype stands out as a viable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of urban transportation and promote sustainable mobility in emerging cities. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano