Socio-environmental assessment of chemical element contamination in the sediments of lake Umayo, Puno, Peru

Salas-ávila D.; Chaiña-Chura F.F.; Belizario-Quispe G.; Quispe-Mamani E.; Hurtado-Chávez E.V.; Rojas-Chahuares F.; Hermoza-Gutierrez M.; Salas-Mercado D. · Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental (2026) · DOI: 10.20937/rica.55593

Resumen

Water pollution generates significant environmental and social impacts, affecting ecosystems and the quality of life of local communities. This study assessed both the social behavior of residents and the contamination of sediments in a high Andean lake (Lake Umayo) exposed to anthropogenic sources. Through interviews, changes in water usage and productive activities due to pollution were identified. Subsequently, total concentrations of heavy metals and phosphorus were measured in surface sediments collected from the lake’s main body, its inflows (Vilque, Ccaccapunco, Challamayo Rivers), and outflow (Llungo River). The results indicated that residents have reduced water use for consumption and agricultural purposes due to its poor quality. Additionally, increased mortality of vicuñas and sheep has heightened concern regarding environmental impacts. Geochemical analyses revealed elevated concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and phosphorus (P), exceeding quality standards in agricultural and cheese-producing zones. Furthermore, mercury (Hg) displayed a transport pattern from the Vilque River toward the central aquatic system. The geochemical index indicated moderate to strong contamination by Cd, Cu, and As. Thus, human activities have increased levels of Cd, P, Hg, and As in sediments, affecting the ecosystem and prompting changes in commu-nity practices in a context of limited institutional response to environmental concerns.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano