Scalable RAN-Sharing Moran Architecture Via LEO Satellites: A Comparative Study Against Traditional Backhaul in Rural Zones of Peru

Aragon J.; Calderon V.; Garcia M.; Defilippi A. · Proceedings - 2025 14th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing, ICNCC 2025 (2025) · DOI: 10.1109/icncc68912.2025.00024

Resumen

This paper presents a rural access architecture using Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite backhaul, deployed in geographically rural regions of Peru. The solution provides 4G mobile services from multiple operators via the MORAN (Multi-Operator Radio Access Network) model, enabling RAN-level active infrastructure sharing. The backhaul implementation is based on IP segmentation, advanced routing, and IPsec tunnels. This solution was evaluated using RAN key performance indicators (KPIs), including availability, accessibility, retainability, throughput and PRB usage across four backhaul types: LEO satellites, Ka-band GEO satellites, optical fiber, and terrestrial microwave links. Field results show that the LEO-based architecture is scalable and maintains stable performance even in rural environments. The deployment time for each transmission medium was also monitored. Thresholds performance indicators were defined in accordance with the technical standards of the Peruvian telecommunications regulator (OSIPTEL) and the 3GPP specifications.