Risk factors for anemia in immediate postpartum women at a high-altitude hospital

Apaza-Justo B.; Ovalle-Linasca D.; Jaramillo-Valverde L. · Revista del Cuerpo Medico Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo (2026) · DOI: 10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2026.191.3101

Resumen

Introduction: Puerperal anemia is a public health problem with high prevalence in developing countries. In Peru, it is estimated to affect up to 50% of women in the immediate postpartum period, with regional variations. In Puno (3827 m.a.s.l.), where the Carlos Monge Medrano Hospital is located, altitude and socioeconomic conditions may contribute to a higher prevalence. However, no recent studies have evaluated its magnitude and risk factors in this area. Objective: To determine the factors associated with puerperal anemia in immediate postpartum women. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 200 immediate postpartum women attended at the hospital in 2023 were analyzed, selected through systematic random sampling. Women aged 18 to 40 years with vaginal or cesarean delivery and without prior hematological disorders were included, while those with severe chronic diseases or massive postpartum hemorrhage were excluded. Data were obtained from medical records and collected using a structured data collection form that included sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinical variables. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of puerperal anemia was 79%. Postpartum hemorrhage increased the risk of developing anemia by 26% (crude PR: 1.288; adjusted PR: 1.264), while rural origin increased the risk by 17% (crude PR: 1.196; adjusted PR: 1.166). Additionally, 67.09% of puerperal women presented moderate anemia, 25.95% mild anemia, and 6.96% severe anemia. Conclusions: Puerperal anemia has a high prevalence in the studied population and is associated with postpartum hemorrhage and rural origin.

Instituciones: Universidad Continental