Risk factors associated with the mortality of COVID‑19 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Carbajal J.; Ballon-Salcedo C.; Uribe-Cavero L.J.; Saravia G.G.; Cuadros-Aguilar S.S.; Lopez M.J.; Rebaza A.; Ausejo J.; Pinto J.A.; Paez K.J.; Saravia-Huarca L.G. · World Academy of Sciences Journal (2024) · DOI: 10.3892/wasj.2024.277

Resumen

The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the in‑hospital mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, a cross‑sectional study of the medical records of patients hospitalized between April, 2020 and February, 2021 was performed. The demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data were compared between COVID‑19 survivors and non‑survivors. Furthermore, multi‑ variate logistic regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were carried out to identify risk factors associated with mortality in these patients. Among the 287 patients included, 132 (46%) did not survive. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that dyspnea [odds ratio (OR), 7.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77‑40.89; P=0.010], neutrophil count >6.3x109/l (OR, 8.17; 95% CI, 3.16‑26.62; P<0.001), hemoglobin levels of ≤12 g/dl (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.30‑8.56; P=0.014) and a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of <60 mmHg (OR, 7.46; 95% CI, 2.83‑21.86; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for in‑hospital mortality. By contrast, lung crackles were associ‑ ated with lower risk of in‑hospital mortality (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08‑0.55). In addition, PCA revealed that elevated levels of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and neutrophil count, and a low PaO2/FiO2 ratio considerably contributed to the first principal components of the non‑survivor group. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that patients with COVID‑19 and T2DM exhibit a high mortality rate, while several factors in these patients contribute independently to in‑hospital mortality. Copyright

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga; Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa; Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista