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Risk factors associated with mortality in methanol-exposed patients at a public hospital in Lima, Peru

Zegarra Piérola J.; Callo Rodrigo D.; Carbajal Arroyo L. · Revista Medica Herediana (2025) · DOI: 10.20453/rmh.v36i4.6019

Resumen

Methanol poisoning is a neuro-metabolic emergency that can cause severe metabolic acidosis, cerebral dysfunction, and death. Objective: To describe the factors associated with mortality in patients with methanol poisoning treated at a general hospital in Lima, Peru. Methods: A descriptive, case series study was conducted. It included patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia with cerebral dysfunction and hyperlactatemia after ingesting the alcoholic beverage «Punto D Oro,» between September and October 2022. Results: Thirteen patients were evaluated; 10 were male (77%), with an average age of 39 ± 6.96 years and a duration of illness of 3.5 ± 2.4 hours; 100% presented with blurred vision and altered sensorium; 81% had abdominal pain. The average APACHE II score was 19.5 ± 4.98 and the SOFA score was 11.3 ± 2.17; systolic blood pressure was 118.3 ± 20.70 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 66.1 ± 9.49 mm Hg, heart rate 107.5 ± 28.04 beats/min, respiratory rate 25.1 ± 5.39 breaths/min, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 9 (range 4–15). Lactate was 8.8 ± 3.88 mmol/L; pH 6.8 ± 0.16; HCO3^- 4.8 ± 1.33 mEq/L; anion gap 38.6 ± 7.81. The overall mortality was 23.07%. Factors associated with higher mortality were: lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (p=0.009), higher SOFA score (p=0.04), elevated lactate (p=0.017), and low bicarbonate on the third day (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Mortality was 23.07% and was significantly related to greater neurological severity, greater organ dysfunction, and more severe metabolic acidosis. © The authors. Revista Médica Herediana. Open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

Instituciones: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia