Risk Factors and Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Medical Students. A Systematic Review

Garcet Y.B.; Salazar C.W.L.; Mendoza L.J.M. · Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia (2025) · DOI: 10.56294/saludcyt20251265

Resumen

Introduction: toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that affects humans and animals. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it can cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and during pregnancy. The prevalence and risk factors of this disease have been widely studied, but there is a lack of specific research focused on medical students, a potentially exposed group due to their clinical practices and dietary habits. Objective: to analyze the available evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in medical students. Method: a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA model using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Original and review studies published between 2019 and 2024 were included, utilizing validated methods for detecting T. gondii. Sixteen relevant articles were selected from a total of 45 identified. Results: prevalence rates of up to 36 % were identified in university students, while seroprevalence among medical students was 28,07 %. The main risk factors include the consumption of undercooked meat, contact with cats, and poor hygiene practices. The lack of studies focusing on medical students makes comprehensive analysis difficult. Conclusions: the lack of specific research on medical students highlights the need for future studies to evaluate the risks associated with toxoplasmosis and to promote effective preventive measures in this population group.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Tumbes