QUINOA IN GLOBAL TRADE: DIVERSIFICATION AND REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AS A STRATEGY FOR EXPORT SUSTAINABILITY

Ninaquispe J.C.M.; Santa María A.L.P.; Tocto R.I.M.; Rubio H.H.R.; Huatay K.C.V.; Mendoza J.L.C.; Sampen J.E.P.; Ruiz F.E.M.; Rivera L.G.A. · Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review (2026) · DOI: 10.22495/cgsrv10i3sip7

Resumen

This study aims to analyze the diversification and competitiveness of Peru’s quinoa exports between 2020 and 2024 across three dimensions: destination markets, producing regions, and exporting companies. A quantitative methodology was employed using official customs data, applying the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to assess export concentration and the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) to evaluate international competitiveness. Results indicate a highly concentrated export structure, with increasing reliance on the U.S. market, aligning with trends identified by recent reports on global supply. At the firm level, market consolidation was led by capital-intensive companies, while smaller exporters saw a decline. Regarding competitiveness, NRCA values confirmed a sustained advantage in key markets like the U.S. and Italy, but revealed volatile positions in others. Although Peru remains a global leader with exports reaching US$138.8 million in 2024, structural challenges persist. The study recommends strengthening the export strategy through trade promotion policies and targeted support for small producers.

Instituciones: Universidad de San Martín de Porres