Quantum Computing Revolutionizing Communication and Navigation in Autonomous Space Robotics

Staffieri F.; Staffieri A.; Staffieri C.; Gupta M.; Taherkhany M.; Bett J.S.P.; Alzadjali B.; Bhagat A.; Fathy N. · Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC (2025) · DOI: 10.52202/083082-0111

Resumen

Quantum computing has the potential to change a number of areas, mostly the communication and navigation components of autonomous space robots. The current study explores the revolutionary effects of quantum computing in these constituent factors, analyzing the theoretical basis, practical applications, and prospects in the future on a comprehensive evaluation. Quantum mechanical concepts of entanglement, superposition, and quantum parallelism enable quantum computing to achieve unmatched computational capability to transcend the inherent constraints of the classical systems for application in space exploration. Fault-tolerant communication and precise navigation are the most critical parameters that determine the success of any mission in autonomous space robotics. Classical systems are marred with latency, bandwidth, and limiting processing capability problems in handling high distances and complicated situations. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, via the no-cloning theorem and polarization states of photons, create communications that are theoretically unbreakable in practice, thereby making them a significant part of protecting sensitive information transmitted between missions to space and Earth. In addition, quantum error correction techniques increase decoherence and noise robustness, thereby allowing for precise transmission under adverse conditions of interplanetary space. In navigation, quantum mechanics-based algorithms like Grover’s search algorithm and Shor’s factoring algorithm allow for faster computation of optimal trajectories with real-time adaptation to changing conditions. Quantum sensing technologies such as atomic clocks and magnetometers enhance timekeeping and positioning system accuracies and hence inertial guidance and GNSS alternatives accuracy. In short, this study explains how quantum machine learning models are incorporated into autonomous decision-making systems so that robots can react to unexpected events with little human intervention. The incorporation of quantum computing technologies and advanced artificial intelligence systems is a dream to develop future space missions that are more autonomous, resilient, and efficient. Yet, in the midst of these encouraging advances, there are still some technical challenges, including scalability, hardware constraints, and the necessity for standardized quantum communication networks. A solution to these intricacies is provided through a hybrid approach to take advantage of classical and quantum resources and ongoing research on achieving fault-tolerant quantum processors and large-scale quantum repeaters. This paper emphasizes, through large-scale mathematical derivation, simulation testing, and case studies, the supreme significance of quantum computing in improving autonomous space robotics navigational and communication capacities. With human exploration reaching farther into space, the application of quantum technologies will not only maximize mission success but also create new frontiers for scientific exploration and technological advancement. Copyright

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería