Public policies and institutional disinterest: lack of municipal action in response to childhood anemia prevalence

Martínez-Puma E.G.; Farfán-Delgado F.; Montánchez-Carazas E.; Miranda-Pinto A. · European Public and Social Innovation Review (2025) · DOI: 10.31637/epsir-2025-2407

Resumen

Introduction: Childhood anemia affects children under three years old in vulnerable regions with limited access to healthcare. Despite national efforts, the results are limited, requiring a review of policies and the application of local intersectoral approaches. In Sachaca (Arequipa), gaps are identified between normative design and its execution, due to factors such as limited technical capacity, scarce budget allocation, and low political will. Methodology: The study, with a quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional design, was conducted between September and November 2024 in public educational institutions in Sachaca, Arequipa. Results: 32% of the 804 evaluated children have anemia, revealing deficiencies in the local implementation of public policies and limited nutritional coverage. Prevalences vary between 0% and 67%, reflecting social and educational inequalities. Some schools with low anemia levels suggest replicable protective factors, although small sample sizes limit the representativeness of the results. Discussions: Anemia remains a serious public health issue, reflecting social and territorial inequalities. It is crucial to implement comprehensive and territorialized strategies that address its underlying causes and promote healthy habits in vulnerable communities. Conclusions: The analysis reveals that in several educational institutions, anemia exceeds critical thresholds, requiring differentiated interventions.

Instituciones: Universidad Católica de Santa María