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PREPREGNANCY OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PRETERM BIRTH IN A MATERNAL-PERINATAL HOSPITAL IN LIMA, PERU, 2021-2022

Farfán Flores E.M.; Arango-Ochante P.M. · Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana (2025) · DOI: 10.25176/rfmh.v25i3.6548

Resumen

Introduction: Preterm birth remains a major public health concern. Although prepregnancy obesity has been suggested as a potential risk factor, evidence to date has been inconsistent. Objective: To assess whether prepregnancy obesity is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth among women attending the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal during 2021-2022. Methods: A retrospective, analytical, case-control study was conducted, including 544 pregnant women, with 272 cases of preterm birth and 272 controls with term deliveries. Bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariate associations were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: The mean maternal age was 28.4 ± 6.6 years. Obesity was observed in 14.1% of women with preterm birth, compared with 8.2% of those delivering at term. In the multivariate analysis, prepregnancy obesity (aOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.08-2.83), fewer than six prenatal visits (aOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.99-4.49), preeclampsia (aOR: 13.15; 95% CI: 5.61-30.81), premature rupture of membranes (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.05-5.10), intrauterine growth restriction (aOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.27-5.47), and placenta previa (aOR: 5.96; 95% CI: 1.60-22.17) were significantly associated with preterm birth. Conclusion: Prepregnancy obesity was independently associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Additional risk factors included inadequate prenatal care, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, and placenta previa. © It is an open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is duly cited.

Instituciones: Universidad Ricardo Palma