Physicochemical Properties of Microplastics

Daiana F.-S.M.; Maialen A.; Gabriel D.-L.-T.; Sol B.N.; Vanesa S.C. · Microplastics Analysis and Characterization: Assessing Environmental Impact (2026) · DOI: 10.1002/9781119906612.ch04

Resumen

This chapter examines the physicochemical properties of microplastics (MPs), their environmental transformations, and ecotoxicological effects. These properties include shape, size, surface area, color, crystallinity, chemical composition, surface charge density, and weathering degree, which contribute to their diverse environmental and biological impacts. The complex behavior of MPs arises from their intrinsic properties and environmental interactions, such as degradation from UV-light, temperature, mechanical abrasion, and chemical exposure. These processes alter MPs, including additive leaching, which affects sorption dynamics with pollutants in aquatic systems. Advanced characterization techniques (e.g., FTIR, SEM, XPS, contact angle analysis, and Pyr-GC-MS) are discussed, highlighting their applications and limitations. Regulatory frameworks and the influence of functional groups on MPs’ reactivity, toxicity, and environmental behavior are also explored. Understanding these properties provides insights into MPs’ toxicity mechanisms, supporting risk assessments and informing remediation strategies.

Instituciones: Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola