Physicochemical characteristics, alkaloids, antioxidants, fatty acids, and phytosterols of three Andean lupin seed genotypes: Altagracia, Cholo Fuerte, and Común

Choquetico Iquiapaza I.Y.; Encina-Zelada C.R.; Lopez-Huaman P.; da Rocha Velôso H.; Gómez-Coca R.B.; Tapia-Blácido D.R.; Pascual-Chagman G.J. · Food Research International (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.120956

Resumen

Andean lupin, a legume that is native to South America, has gained attention because it has rich nutritional content and high levels of bioactive compounds. Although Peru hosts various Andean lupin genotypes, few studies have characterized their chemical composition. We analyzed the physicochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, fatty acid composition, alkaloid and phytosterol contents of three Lupinus mutabilis seed genotypes (Altagracia, Cholo Fuerte, and Común) cultivated in the Ancash region of Peru. All genotypes exhibited high protein (>45 g/100 g of dry matter (d.m.)) and phytosterol contents (>600.82 mg/100 g oil), with β-sitosterol as the predominant sterol (>261.87 mg/100 g oil). However, they also contained high concentrations of quinolizidine alkaloids, limiting their direct consumption without prior debittering. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the seeds had different physicochemical profiles. The Común genotype was characterized by higher protein (47.49 g/100 g d.m.), fat (19.81 g/100 g d.m.), α-linolenic acid (C18:3) (733.95 mg/100 g d.m.), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (12,703.95 mg/100 g d.m.) contents, whereas the Altagracia genotype exhibited the highest total alkaloid concentration (3.21 g/100 g d.m.). In contrast, the Cholo Fuerte genotype displayed an intermediate profile, with relatively higher contents of saturated fatty acids (5231.79 mg/100 g d.m.) and arachidic acid (691.36 mg/100 g d.m.), and a lower protein content (45.19 g/100 g d.m.). These findings highlight the chemical diversity of Peruvian L. mutabilis genotypes and provide valuable information for germplasm selection, breeding programs, and the valorization of these genetic resources as sources of bioactive compounds.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina