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Photosynthetic Efficiency Affected by Different Isolates of Coffee Leaf Rust from Cajamarca, Peru

Valderrama-Palacios D.; León Rojas F.; Borjas Ventura R.; Alvarado Huamán L.; Castro-Cepero V.; Bello Amez S.; Cedano Saavedra C.; Julca-Otiniano A. · International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences (2025) · DOI: 10.47278/journal.ijab/2025.031

Resumen

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) represents a significant threat to coffee production, making the study of host-pathogen interactions essential. This study investigated the aggressiveness of H. vastatrix and its impact on Coffea arabica cultivar Bourbon plants. Nine isolates of H. vastatrix (1RN-9RN), collected from San Ignacio, Cajamarca, were used to inoculate Bourbon coffee plants in San Ramón, Chanchamayo. The aggressiveness of the pathogen was assessed based on several parameters: incubation period (IP), latency period (LP), medium latency period (MLP), and frequency of infection (FI). Additionally, the plant response was evaluated by measuring chlorophyll content and using the OJIP test to assess fluorescence. The ranges for IP, LP,mLP, and FI were 17–17.9, 20.7–26.8, 22–32, and 5.8–8.7 days after inoculation (dai), respectively. No significant differences were observed in IP or FI. Chlorophyll content varied between 27.78 and 42.32 units at 37dai. Regarding the OJIP analysis, the majority of the H. vastatrix isolates caused a variation in the Fv/Fm values, which ranged from 0.43 to 0.73 at 37dai. The performance index (Pi) ranged from 0.49 to 3.41 at 37dai, showing a decrease in most isolates, except for isolate 7RN. A percentage variation was observed in the following variables: ABS/RC (4.38–120.93%), TRo/RC (6.33–45.03%), and ETo/RC (0.32–30.44%). Furthermore, a physiological response indicative of the photosynthetic defense mechanism was observed in the majority of isolates. This was reflected in the increased values of ABS/RC, ETo/RC, and TRo/RC, alongside the decrease in Fv/Fm and PI.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina