Phenotypic stability, yield and grain quality in promising genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the central highlands of Peru

Vera-Mayor D.; Marmolejo-Gutarra D.; Peñaloza R. · Crop Research (2026) · DOI: 10.31830/2454-1761.2026.cr-1090

Resumen

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a strategic Andean crop due to its high nutritional value and adaptability to marginal environments; however, grain yield and quality are often constrained by genotype × environment interaction (GEI), increasing production risk for farmers. Identifying genotypes that combine high yield, phenotypic stability, and low saponin content is therefore essential for varietal improvement and recommendation in heterogeneous agroecological conditions. During the 2022–2023 agricultural season, three promising quinoa genotypes (CQH-3, CQH-52, and CQH-19) and a local control (Hualhuas) were evaluated at three representative locations of the Mantaro Valley, central highlands of Peru. Grain yield and saponin content were assessed using a randomised complete block design. Yield data were subjected to combined analysis of variance across locations, and phenotypic stability was determined using the Eberhart and Russell regression model. Significant GEI (p d” 0.05) confirmed differential genotype responses across environments, justifying stability analysis. Genotype CQH-3 exhibited the highest mean grain yield (2829 kg/ha) and a near-ideal stability profile (bi = 1.041; Sdi² = “0.234), indicating broad adaptability and predictable performance. All evaluated INIA-UNCP genotypes were classified as sweet quinoa, with saponin contents ranging from 0.028% to 0.043%, markedly lower than the bitter local control (0.211%). The combined evaluation of productivity, stability, and grain quality identified CQH-3 as an elite candidate for commercial release in the central highlands of Peru.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú