Periodontitis as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Espejo-Carrera R.E.; Honores-Solano T.M.; Ulloa-Cueva T.V.; Caballero-Alvarado J.A.; Minchón-Medina C.A.; Asmat-Abanto A.S. · Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal (2025) · DOI: 10.4317/medoral.27118

Resumen

Background: Primary studies on the association between periodontitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) may have insufficient statistical power to reach a reliable conclusion. In this regard, the present systematic review and metaanalysis were conducted to determine whether periodontitis is a risk factor for CRC. Material and Methods: A systematic search was carried out in five databases, which included cohort and casecontrol studies published up to July 3, 2024, in which periodontitis was evaluated as a risk factor for CRC using relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias, and the GRADE system was used to determine the certainty of the evidence. Results: Of 1476 articles retrieved, 8 cohort studies were included for qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. The overall synthesis showed that periodontitis is not a risk factor for CRC (RR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.96-1.89; p<0.09; I2=95%). In addition, subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, periodontitis diagnostic methods, and risk of bias, which led to the finding of an increased risk of CRC of 32% only for men with periodontitis (RR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.16-1.50; p<0.00001; I2=0%). Conclusions: Periodontitis is not a risk factor for CRC, with very low certainty of evidence. However, the analysis of subgroups by gender showed that it is a risk factor for CRC in men, with moderate certainty of evidence. © Medicina Oral S. L.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego; Universidad Señor de Sipán