Performance Evaluation of a LoRaWAN Infrastructure in a Fog Computing Environment Using iFogSim2: A Case Study in Cuenca, Ecuador

Cabrera E.J.S.; Tello-Oquendo L.; Moreno-Cardenas E.; Coaquira-Castillo R.J.; Mego L.W.U. · Proceedings of the IEEE Central America and Panama Convention, CONCAPAN (2025) · DOI: 10.1109/concapan66820.2025.11512590

Resumen

A comprehensive simulation framework using iFogSim2 is introduced for a hierarchical fog computing (FC) infrastructure designed to deploy a long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) in Cuenca, Ecuador. The proposed architecture consists of 40 fog nodes organized into three tiers (cloud, fog core, and fog gateways). It integrates LoRaWAN-based sensors and urban mobility patterns extracted from real tram routes. The simulation evaluates critical performance metrics such as latency, energy consumption, packet loss, CPU usage, and microservice module migration. The results demonstrate that the architecture maintains low migration and packet loss rates through adaptive orchestration and hierarchical resource distribution, even under dynamic mobility and high-load conditions. The findings also emphasize the importance of energy efficiency policies in urban fog environments, where mobility significantly impacts energy consumption. The validated simulation strengthens iFogSim2's capability not only as a robust tool for modeling urban IoT systems but also as a strategic platform to guide the progressive implementation of fog-based smart city solutions. Future work will focus on the integration of renewable energy sources and self-powered nodes to improve sustainability, as well as the application of machine learning for predictive service migration based on mobility patterns and real-time reconfiguration needs.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco