Perceptions of contraception among postpartum adolescents

Ipanaque Ramirez A.G.; Santos Rosales Y.R.; Campos Correa K.E. · Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar (2026)

Resumen

Introduction: Contraceptive methods are a key strategy in preventing adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee access to clear information and contraceptive supplies. Objective: To determine the perception of contraception prior to pregnancy among postpartum adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 89 postpartum adolescents seen between July and October 2024. The main variable was the perception of contraceptive use, assessed using an instrument validated by experts with adequate reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.729). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The median age was 18 years; 71.9% lived with a partner, and 11.2% were multiparous. There was a favorable perception of hormonal and barrier contraceptive methods; 50.6% considered the emergency contraceptive pill as a contraceptive, and more than 60% agreed that contraceptive methods have side effects. The majority rejected sources such as the internet (49.4%), friends (52.8%), and home (56.2%), preferring health facilities (80.9%) and schools (92.2%) as their main sources of information. 30.3% perceived accessibility at the Ministry of Health (MINSA), and 31.5% at pharmacies. The most frequent reasons for not using contraceptives were fear, shame, and lack of knowledge. Conclusions: Despite favorable perceptions of contraceptives, many adolescents did not use them. Participants identified barriers such as lack of professional guidance and adequate information, highlighting the need to strengthen comprehensive sexual education.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos