Optimization of starch extraction from three varieties of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.): Physicochemical characterization and application in bio-based packaging materials

Delgado-Santillán L.Y.; Cardenas-Toro F.P.; Quispe-Sanchez L.; Mena-Chacon L.M.; Oblitas-Delgado R.; Vargas L.; Yoplac I. · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102996

Resumen

The valorization of agro-industrial residues represents a key strategy for advancing circular economy and sustainable material development. This study evaluated the combined effect of avocado variety (Hass, Fuerte, and Criolla) and extraction method (distilled water and alkaline treatment) on starch yield, physicochemical properties, and technological suitability for bio-based packaging applications. Starch extracted from Hass avocado seeds by alkaline treatment (HAL) showed the highest yield (20.91 ± 1.28%) and presented oval-to-elliptical granules with smooth surfaces and an average size of 17.38 μm. It exhibited a balanced amylose content (36.01 ± 4.28%), moderate solubility (15.93%), swelling power (22.54%), and water absorption capacity (64.61%), indicating favorable behavior for thermoprocessed polymer matrices. Thermal analysis revealed a well-defined gelatinization profile and high thermal stability (290–300 °C). Additionally, HAL starch retained measurable levels of phenolic compounds (0.20 mg GAE·g−1) and antioxidant capacity (0.11 mg Trolox·g−1), suggesting potential added functionality. Based on these attributes, HAL starch was selected for film development using glycerol as a plasticizer. A 2 × 2 factorial design showed that the formulation containing 5 g starch and 1.5 mL glycerol exhibited the most balanced mechanical and optical performance, producing homogeneous films with suitable physicochemical properties. These results demonstrate that the combined selection of avocado variety and extraction method is critical for optimizing starch performance, highlighting alkaline extraction of Hass avocado seed starch as a promising strategy for the valorization of agro-industrial residues into bio-based packaging materials.

Instituciones: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas