Neurodivergence and the Workplace: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Vargas-Salas O.; Alcazar-Gonzales J.C.; Fernández-Fernández F.A.; Molina-Rodríguez F.N.; Paredes-Velazco R.; Carcausto-Zea M.L. · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation (2025) · DOI: 10.1177/10522263251337564

Resumen

Background: Neurodivergence, which includes conditions such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, is increasingly recognized in workplace diversity discussions. Despite this, neurodivergent individuals face numerous barriers to accessing and retaining employment, often influenced by stigma and inconsistent inclusion policies. Objective: This systematic review aims to organize the literature on neurodivergent individuals and their interaction with the work environment, identifying key challenges and opportunities for improvement. Methods: A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted to gather peer-reviewed articles on neurodivergence and employment. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on hiring processes, workplace inclusion, and long-term retention. Results: The findings reveal significant challenges, including the impact of stigma and ineffective inclusion policies. While some organizations have begun adapting hiring practices, inconsistencies in defining neurodivergence versus neurodiversity complicate policy implementation. Key gaps remain in understanding career development and job retention for neurodivergent employes. Conclusions: The review highlights the need for standardized terminology, evidence-based inclusion practices, and further research into long-term career outcomes for neurodivergent individuals. Addressing these gaps is crucial for promoting a more inclusive and supportive work environment that values neurodiversity. © The Author(s) 2025 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

Instituciones: Universidad Católica de Santa María