Migraine and dietary factors: a narrative review of current evidence and clinical implications

Bancalari E.; Robles U.R.H.; Palacios K.M.S.; Sánchez K.Z.B.; Giglio J.A.; Bedecarratz C.O.C.; Young F.F.C.; Chumbipuma W.G. · Headache Medicine (2026) · DOI: 10.48208/headachemed.2026.11

Resumen

Background Dietary factors have been extensively examined as potential triggers or modulators of migraine episodes. Nevertheless, the current body of evidence concerning the influence of diet on the pathophysiology and management of migraines remains varied and occasionally contradictory. Objective To critically evaluate the existing evidence concerning the association between dietary factors and migraine, with a focus on potential triggers, dietary patterns, and the gut–brain axis. Methods This study employs a narrative review of the literature, concentrating on research that examines dietary triggers, nutritional interventions, and the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with migraine. Results Certain dietary components, including caffeine, chocolate, alcohol, and foods containing histamine, have been linked to the onset of migraine attacks in susceptible individuals, although findings remain inconsistent. Various dietary interventions—such as low-fat diets, ketogenic diets, low-glycemic diets, and diets enriched with omega-3 fatty acids—have demonstrated potential benefits in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines. Conclusions Dietary factors may affect migraine in a subset of patients through metabolic, inflammatory, and neurovascular pathways. Further well-designed prospective studies are necessary before definitive clinical recommendations can be formulated.

Instituciones: Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo