Memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Peru

Castillo-Acobo R.; Martínez-Puma E.; Esquivel-Las-heras J.; Castillo-Toledo A. · European Public and Social Innovation Review (2024) · DOI: 10.31637/epsir-2024-1817

Resumen

Introduction: Global aging is progressing rapidly, with significant demographic, social, and health implications. This study analyzes the cognitive performance of healthy older adults who report memory complaints, identifying factors that influence their cognition. Methodology: In a mental health campaign, 574 community-dwelling older adults were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage. Twenty-five individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC) and 49 with suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified and then assessed with specific memory tests, such as the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Symbols and Digits Test, and the Rey Complex Figure Test. Results: The groups have high levels of education, few health problems, and good scores on the MMSE and Yesavage tests. However, significant differences are found in the results of the Hopkins and Symbols and Digits tests. Education shows a significant effect on long-term memory in the Hopkins test. Discussions: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be early indicators of cognitive decline, although they are often difficult to detect. Conclusions: Community-dwelling older adults, although autonomous and without dementia symptoms, may exhibit subtle cognitive changes that require early detection to prevent neurodegenerative disorders.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa; Universidad Católica de Santa María