Intraoperative Imaging Techniques in Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology

Castro Obeso J.R.; Samundeeswari S.; Shanmugasundaram S. · Handbook of Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology (2023) · DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7540-0_44

Resumen

This chapter describes how intraoperative imaging systems, in particular C-arm and O-arm, have influenced orthopaedic implant surgeries. Currently, these intraoperative imaging techniques permit us to assess the anatomy characteristics of structures and achieve adequate positioning of implants. They have helped the orthopaedic surgeon by simplifying surgical approaches, decreasing soft tissue dissection, and moving from open to minimally invasive surgeries. Some of the intraoperative imaging methods include plain radiographs, 2D fluoroscopy, 3D fluoroscopy, Computed Tomography (CT)–based navigation system, and the O-arm device. These imaging modalities assist the surgeon in two important ways: (1) accuracy and safety of implant positioning and (2) improvement of implants for specific orthopaedic procedures. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging methods is crucial for improving the outcomes of orthopaedic implant surgeries. At present, these modalities have validity and utility in different segments of orthopaedic surgery, such as spinal surgery, pelvic and acetabular surgery, and foot and ankle surgery. The major contribution of intraoperative imaging has been conversion of extensive surgical approaches to minimally invasive surgeries in different orthopaedic injuries. On balance, orthopaedic implantology is permanently growing and has a need for better intraoperative imaging at the same time. For this reason, modern devices offer more benefits in accuracy and safety than older and standard imaging techniques; however, these devices are not free from disadvantages, in particular radiation exposure and cost. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.