Internet of Things System for Monitoring and Comprehensive Security for Public Transport Risk Monitoring and Operational Safety with Real-Time Analysis and Automated Alerts

López-Sánchez V.A.; Ruiz-Ferreyra E.F.; Cueva-Zumarán M.A.; Carranza-Ramos S.F.; Orbegoso-Terrones M.A.; Castro-Vargas C. · International Journal of Transport Development and Integration (2026) · DOI: 10.56578/ijtdi100111

Resumen

Public transport plays a key role in urban mobility, yet it continues to face persistent safety challenges, particularly in Latin American cities where speeding, traffic accidents, and drunk driving remain frequent. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system built around an ESP32 microcontroller and a set of low-cost sensors, including a NEO-6M GPS module, an MQ-3 alcohol sensor, an MQ-2 gas sensor, and an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The system monitors critical operational variables such as vehicle speed, driver sobriety, the presence of hazardous gases, and short-range collision risk. Alert messages are generated automatically and delivered through a Telegram bot, while operational data are stored and visualized using a cloud-based platform. The prototype was deployed and tested under real public transport operating conditions. The results show that the system is capable of detecting speeding events, alcohol presence, and abnormal gas concentrations in a timely manner. In addition to vehicle-level monitoring, the collected data can support basic operational safety management by providing information that may assist transport operators in preventive decision-making. Due to its modular design, low implementation cost, and use of widely available technologies, the proposed system offers a practical solution for risk monitoring in public transport systems operating in resource-limited urban environments.

Instituciones: Universidad Privada del Norte