Intelligent computing technique for solving singular multi-pantograph delay differential equation

Sabir Z.; Wahab H.A.; Nguyen T.G.; Altamirano G.C.; Erdoğan F.; Ali M.R. · Soft Computing (2022) · DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07065-0

Resumen

The purpose of this study is to introduce a stochastic computing solver for the multi-pantograph delay differential equation (MP-DDE). The MP-DDE is not easy to solve due to the singularities and pantograph terms. An advance computational intelligent paradigm is proposed to solve MP-DDE of the second kind by manipulating the procedures of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) through the optimization of genetic algorithm (GA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP), i.e., ANNs-GA-SQP. A fitness function is constructed based on MP-DDE of second kind and corresponding boundary conditions. The correctness of the ANNs-GA-SQP is observed by performing the comparison of the proposed and exact solutions. The values of the absolute error (AE) in good measures are provided to solve the MP-DDE of the second kind. The efficacy and correctness of the stochastic computing approach to solve three problems of the MP-DDE of second kind to signify the efficiency, worth, and consistency. Moreover, the statistical soundings are applied to validate the accuracy and consistency.