Integration of bio-photovoltaic systems and iot-based smart gardens for autonomous energy generation in rural, Peru

Robles A.A.R.; Ponce P.I.V.; Cáceres G.E.V.; Ledesma H.M.R.; Perez C.C.; Paquiyauri J.C.V. · 2025 13th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation, ICCMA 2025 (2025) · DOI: 10.1109/iccma67641.2025.11369594

Resumen

This paper presents the development and experimental validation of a hybrid smart garden system that integrates bio-photovoltaic energy harvesting with Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled automation to support rural electrification. Implemented in the remote community of Pucapuquio, Peru, the system utilizes native plant species (Sansevieria trifasciata) and soil microorganisms to generate low-voltage bioelectricity via embedded electrodes. The design combines copper and aluminum electrodes with 12V photovoltaic panels, microcontroller-based regulation, environmental sensors, and lithium battery storage. The control system is modeled using both black-box and white-box techniques to ensure efficient energy and data flow. Prototyping results demonstrate peak outputs of 0.82V per plant during daylight hours, with simulations estimating up to 24.6V for a 30-plant module and 123,000V per hectare, confirming the scalability of the approach. This interdisciplinary platform offers a low-cost, modular, and replicable solution for decentralized clean energy generation, with applications in precision agriculture, rural development, and environmental sustainability.

Instituciones: Universidad Continental