Integrating ESP32-Based IoT Architectures and Cloud Visualization to Foster Data Literacy in Early Engineering Education

Zambrano-Mieles J.; Tupac-Yupanqui M.; Mari-Loardo S.; Vidal-Silva C. · Computers (2026) · DOI: 10.3390/computers15010051

Resumen

This study presents the design and implementation of a full-stack IoT ecosystem based on ESP32 microcontrollers and web-based visualization dashboards to support scientific reasoning in first-year engineering students. The proposed architecture integrates a four-layer model—perception, network, service, and application—enabling students to deploy real-time environmental monitoring systems for agriculture and beekeeping. Through a sixteen-week Project-Based Learning (PBL) intervention with 91 participants, we evaluated how this technological stack influences technical proficiency. Results indicate that the transition from local code execution to cloud-based telemetry increased perceived learning confidence from (Formula presented.) (Challenge phase) to (Formula presented.) (Reflection phase) on a 5-point scale. Furthermore, 96% of students identified the visualization dashboards as essential Human–Computer Interfaces (HCI) for debugging, effectively bridging the gap between raw sensor data and evidence-based argumentation. These findings demonstrate that integrating open-source IoT architectures provides a scalable mechanism to cultivate data literacy in early engineering education.

Instituciones: Universidad Continental