Implementation of a socio-environmental impact matrix for the adequate analysis of mining conflicts in Cajamarca – Peru

Vilchez E.; Escalante C.; Ruiz J. · Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (2025) · DOI: 10.18687/laccei2025.1.1.1458

Resumen

Socio-environmental conflicts were closely related to Minera Yanacocha, one of the most important mining companies in Cajamarca, Peru. This company was involved in conflicts with local communities and the government, raising concerns about the environmental and social impacts of its mining operations. Therefore, the need to address these conflicts in detail was reflected in the purpose of this research, which aimed to develop a socio-environmental impact matrix to analyze mining conflicts in the region. The study was carried out with the objective of implementing this matrix for the proper analysis of socio-environmental mining conflicts in Cajamarca. The type of research was applied, with a descriptive-correlational level, and a non-experimental cross-sectional design was used. For the sample size, a non-random intentional sampling of a mining project was conducted, including 46 residents from the directly affected area. The data collection instrument was an online questionnaire based on the Likert Scale. With a p-value of 0.480, there was statistical evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis, finding a moderate correlation through Pearson's coefficient correlation. Therefore, the implementation of the socio-environmental impact matrix was appropriate and accurate for the analysis of socio-environmental mining conflicts in Cajamarca. In conclusion, this tool was essential for systematically identifying conflicts, assessing risks, promoting public participation, guiding the planning of mitigation measures, and facilitating the continuous monitoring of impacts.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Universidad Privada del Norte