Guidelines for Adapting a Corruption Peruvian Survey into the Ecuadorian Context

Freundt-Thurne Ú.; Bernal-Suarez J.D.; Gallardo-Echenique E. · Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (2026) · DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-09911-2_46

Resumen

This study aimed to adapt the “Corruption Normalization Scale”, created for, and applied among Peruvian university students, to the Ecuadorian university context. To achieve this, cultural, idiomatic, and linguistic particularities of the latter country were considered. This is a cross-cultural adaptation study, through content validation and expert judgment. Ten multidisciplinary experts from different areas of knowledge were chosen. The experts agree on the relevance of the four criteria evaluated: Sufficiency, Clarity, Coherence, and Relevance. The results showed that a group of experts found it difficult to delimit the scope of the three dimensions (Fraud, Criollada, and Transgression). It is recommended to contemplate the idiomatic particularities of each country or area where the Scale is to be applied, to clearly and correctly transmit what is to be evaluated. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.

Instituciones: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas