Gestational trophoblastic disease

Roque K.; Ruiz R.; Mas L. · Medical Oncology Compendium (2025) · DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-15609-0.00026-x

Resumen

Gestational trophoblastic disease comprises a rare and heterogeneous group of clinical conditions, a benign-premalignant form constituted by the complete (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole and the malignant form called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). In turn GTN comprises four entities: malignant invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor; being the most frequent the first one. The epidemiological data of GTN are limited, with differences between each region. FIGO score is the major prognostic factor, divided in a low risk disease (FIGO score <7) and high-risk disease (score ≥ 7) and therefore guides the following treatment. Low-risk diseases are treated with single agent chemotherapy while in high-risk disease multi-agent chemotherapy is necessary. Cure rate is nearly 100% in low risk disease and greater than 90% in high-risk disease, however prevent early deaths remains a challenge in the management.