Generalizability of tau and amyloid plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease cohorts of diverse genetic ancestries

Griswold A.J.; Rajabli F.; Gu T.; Arvizu J.; Golightly C.G.; Whitehead P.L.; Hamilton-Nelson K.L.; Adams L.D.; Sanchez J.J.; Mena P.R.; Starks T.D.; Illanes-Manrique M.; Silva C.; Bush W.S.; Cuccaro M.L.; Vance J.M.; Cornejo-Olivas M.R.; Feliciano-Astacio B.E.; Byrd G.S.; Beecham G.W.; Haines J.L.; Pericak-Vance M.A. · Alzheimer's and Dementia (2025) · DOI: 10.1002/alz.14367

Resumen

INTRODUCTION: Plasma phosphorylated threonine 181 of tau (pTau181) and amyloid beta (Aβ) are biomarkers for differential diagnosis and preclinical detection of Alzheimer disease (AD). Given differences in AD risk across diverse populations, the generalizability of existing biomarker data is not assured. METHODS: In 2086 individuals of diverse genetic ancestries (African American, Caribbean Hispanic, and Peruvian), we measured plasma pTau181 and Aβ42/Aβ40. Differences in biomarkers between cohorts and clinical diagnosis groups and the potential discriminative performance of the two biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS: pTau181 and Aβ42/Aβ40 were consistent across cohorts. Higher levels of pTau181 were associated with AD, while Aβ42/Aβ40 had minimal differences. Correspondingly, pTau181 had a greater predictive value than Aβ42/Aβ40; however, the area under the curve differed between cohorts. DISCUSSION: pTau181 as a plasma biomarker for clinical AD is generalizable across genetic ancestries, but its predictive value may vary. Combining genomic and biomarker data from diverse individuals will increase understanding of genetic risk and refine clinical diagnoses. Highlights: This is a diverse ancestry study of plasma biomarkers for AD. Plasma biomarkers were assessed in African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Peruvians. Biomarker levels were consistent across the diverse cohorts. Plasma phosphorylated tau was higher in AD in all cohorts. Plasma biomarker findings in diverse cohorts largely generalize with existing European studies.