Frequency and Self-reported Outcomes of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in the U.S. and Latin America

Aziz H.; Vidal-Martinez G.; Onyeka O.C.; Anderberg J.L.; Vargas-Medrano J.; Sotelo D.; Kourtesi D.; Frederick R.M.; Muñoz J.S.; Berrones D.; Zavala Cruz V.; Thompson P.; Tonarelli S.; Wiese A.D.; Crowley J.J.; Storch E.A.; Adorno V.R.; Agostini V.; Aguilar W.W.; Aguirre C.; Alvarado-Quiroz V.; Ancalade N.; Aponte D.; Espinosa A.A.A.; Arnold P.D.; Ascencio-Chicana E.Y.; Atkinson E.G.; Avery J.; Ayala J.N.; Aziz H.; Aguirre T.L.B.; Barrera C.N.; Contreras J.A.B.; Barry K.; Belanger A.N.; Benitez L.M.; Best J.R.; Bigdeli T.B.; Bommiasamy H.; Borda T.; Boyajian L.; Muñoz D.B.; Browning L.; Burton C.L.; Busto C.; Buxbaum J.D.; Rivera R.E.C.; Callahan J.L.; Gomez C.A.C.; Canchari E.; Carrrera M.C.; Chang A.; Chazelle E.; Cheng J.S.C.; Chire J.M.; Muñoz M.C.; Cicero D.C.; Cifuentes-Espinoza A.P.; Quiroz P.C.; Colombo G.M.; Comer J.S.; Condori-Apaza L.; Cortina J.; Crosbie J.; Crowley J.J.; Cruz V.O.; Cruz I.A.; Cunning A.; Perez G.J.D.; Dailey M.M.; Dang B.D.; Dawson A.; del Río D.; Dev A.; Diaz S.; Fay L.; Fernandez A.; Figueroa E.G.; Flecha L.M.; Flores-Garcia Á.M.; Franklin M.E.; Frederick R.M.; Furr J.M.; Gamarra O.M.; Garay-Contreras C.; García-Bravo N.; García-Jaimes C.; Garrison S.R.; Giusti-Rodriguez P.; Gonzalez A.; González R.A.; Gonzalez-Barrios P.; Goodman W.K.; Gorosito J.D.; Grice D.E.; Guintivano J.; Guttfreund D.; Halvorsen M.W.; Miles J.A.R.H.; Hettema J.M.; Hovey J.D.; Irreño-Sotomonte J.; Janssen-Aguilar R.; Jensen M.; Reynolds A.Z.J.; Jiwani R.B.; Johnson J.S.; Joutte S.; Lujambio J.A.J.; Kehrer S.; Kennedy J.L.; Lanzagorta N.; Lázaro-Muñoz G.; Longhurst M.; Martinez D.A.L.; Luna E.S.; MacLellan A.; Quispe D.M.; Marques A.H.; Marquez M.R.; Martinez M.; Martínez G.N.; Mallen M.C.M.; Martinez-Gonzalez K.G.; Matos M.D.L.A.; Mattheisen M.; McGuire J.F.; McKay D.; McOmber C.; Minaya C.; Miño T.; Mithani S.M.; Morales-Rivero A.; Moya P.R.; Moyano M.B.; Muñoz J.S.; Muñoz M.J.; Nicolini H.; Bracho A.A.N.; Bracho B.E.N.; Obando D.P.; Ochoa M.E.; Ochoa-Panaifo M.E.; O’Higgins M.; Castaman L.A.O.; Balmaceda T.O.; Tobar M.J.O.; Ortega I.; Paredes-Linares V.S.; Pato M.T.; Miño M.P.Y.; Leon E.P.D.; Orellana J.L.P.; Pereira S.; Duarte T.P.; Phan A.; Placencia M.; Ponce L.; Poovey K.; Prieto M.B.; Qiao T.; Quiroz-Padilla M.F.; Quispe-Correa M.F.; Heros A.S.R.; Ramos R.T.; Ramos I.C.; Ramsey K.A.; Rancourt D.; Espinosa R.C.R.; Richter P.; Rodriguez C.I.; Barajas S.R.; Romero M.J.; Ruggero C.J.; Ruiz-Chow A.; Sagarnaga M.N.; Salhadar N.; Sanchez N.; Schachar R.J.; Segovia L.M.; Seligman L.D.; Siegel I.J.; Staples C.; Stewart S.E.; Tapia-Cuevas V.; Thompson P.; Timpano K.R.; Garza B.T.-D.L.; Trujillo A.; Villar C.U.; Valdés C.; Vallejo-Silva A.; Mamani K.N.V.; Vargas-Medrano J.; Vásquez-Ayala J.; Vásquez-Suyo M.I.; Mellstrieng A.V.; Vergara M.V.; Vollaro C.; Wiese A.D.; Wilkerson S.; Zai G.; Zappa L.M.; Cruz V.Z.; Zepeda-Burgos R.M.; Zoghbi A.W.; Alves G.S.; Alves G.S.; Barbosa I.G.; Cappi C.; Carneiro M.C.B.; Costa D.L.; Delage F.Z.; Dreher C.B.; Ferrão Y.A.; Ferreira G.M.; Fontenelle L.F.; Fragoso D.T.H.; Lima M.O.; Menezes G.; Miguel E.C.; Moreira-de-Oliveira M.E.; Stumpf B.P.; Quarantini L.C.; Quarantini-Alvim Y.; Ramos V.R.; Rosario M.C.C.; Sampaio A.S.; Saraiva L.C.; Shavitt R.G. · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2025.09.002

Resumen

Introduction Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects about 1–2% of the global population, with roughly 30% of patients not responding to first-line treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has some support for treatment-resistant OCD but global use is unclear. Methods This study describes the frequency with which TMS was reported to be received among a large cohort of individuals who self-identified as Latino-Hispanic in Latin America and the United States. Among 3391 participants, 76 (2.2%) had completed TMS for OCD. Results Recipients who received TMS exhibited more severe current and lifetime OCD symptoms compared to non-recipients. On average, participants underwent 22.61 TMS sessions (SD = 20.96), and self-reported experiencing minimal to some improvement from TMS. The majority of TMS recipients were from Brazil ( n = 26), Mexico ( n = 17) and USA ( n = 16). Conclusions Findings suggest that TMS does not appear to be widely used in OCD treatment among the Latino-Hispanic population, particularly in Latin American countries. Further study of TMS efficacy and dissemination in underserved regions is warranted.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas; Universidad Privada del Norte