Formal large-scale mining and informal mining in Peru: Between the “Great Threat” and sustainable mining development

Roncagliolo Á.C.; Quiñón A. · Mining and the Peruvian State: Social and Environmental Sustainability (2026) · DOI: 10.4324/9781003746867-7

Resumen

The relationship between large-scale mining and artisanal and small-scale mining has emerged as a major issue in the sector in recent years, notably coexistence of each on the same territory or concession. Buoyant mineral prices, particularly for gold, have led to a huge increase in artisanal and small-scale mining in Peru. Government policies to formalize informal mining have largely failed to impose regulation on informal mining, while illegal mining has expanded, especially alluvial mining in the Amazon. The chapter examines the shortcomings of public policy in Peru, especially when compared to Chile and Colombia, and contrasts two local cases, Las Bambas in Apurímac and Minero Horizonte in La Libertad. It shows multiple ways in which the superimposition of small and large-scale mining can be managed and how, in turn, this can lead to positive development at the local level.

Instituciones: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú