Five-dimensional malocclusion classification system: Redefining diagnosis in contemporary orthodontics. Brief communication

Machiavello E.A.; Puma J.C. · Revista de la Asociacion Odontologica Argentina (2026) · DOI: 10.52979/raoa.1140871.1326

Resumen

Contemporary orthodontics faces diagnostic limitations stemming from traditional classifications that fail to integrate the morphofunctional complexity of the stomatognathic system, highlighting the need for a more robust and comprehensive model. In this context, the purpose of this brief communication is to present a five-dimensional classification of dentofacial malocclusions, designed to overcome these limitations by simultaneously incorporating five fundamental dimensions: vertical, sagittal, transverse, volumetric, and couple dimension, understood as the control of dental rotation generated by systems of force pairs (couples) within orthodontic biomechanics. The model’s central objective is to optimize therapeutic decisions, enabling more precise diagnosis and individualized treatment planning based on each patient’s specific characteristics. Its development was based on a multidimensional evaluation of the stomatognathic system, grounded in a detailed analysis of each dimension, data from previous studies, and direct clinical observation. This approach facilitates the detection of subclinical compensations and improves therapeutic predictability, further contributing to the interdisciplinary standardization of orthodontic diagnosis. Despite its advantages, implementing the model presents challenges, including the need for specialized training, the lack of empirical validation in large samples, and institutional barriers that hinder the adoption of new diagnostic systems. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct controlled multicenter studies and develop guidelines for gradual implementation, as well as evaluate its usefulness in preventive and interceptive orthodontics. With these considerations, the five-dimensional classification emerges as a potential new diagnostic standard, capable of promoting a more holistic and personalized approach to the treatment of malocclusions.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión; Universidad Privada del Norte