Field-Scale Evapotranspiration of Flood-Irrigated Rice with Automated METRIC on Google Earth Engine in an Arid Region of Northern Peru

Huanuqueño-Murillo J.; Quille-Mamani J.; Vilca-Gamarra C.; Peña-Amaro R.; Quispe-Tito D.; Campos-Ugaz W.; Panta-Cosmópolis J.; Ramos-Fernández L. · Remote Sensing (2026) · DOI: 10.3390/rs18152584

Resumen

Irrigation water management in arid systems requires spatially distributed estimates of crop evapotranspiration (ET) that fixed crop coefficients cannot provide. The actual ET of flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) on the arid northern coast of Peru was mapped with the METRIC surface energy balance model (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) on Google Earth Engine (GEE). Ten cloud-free Landsat 8/9 scenes (January–July 2022) were processed over 113 ha at Ferreñafe (Lambayeque) on the 30 m product grid, onto which the 100 m native thermal observation was resampled, with internal calibration based on automatic anchor-pixel selection and hourly ERA5-Land data. Daily field-mean ET ranged from 4.2 to 8.1 mm d−1, peaking during flooding and establishment and declining towards harvest. Because the same reference (Formula presented.) underlies the METRIC internal calibration and the FAO-56 estimate, this is a comparison between two modelling approaches rather than an independent validation. Against the FAO-56 reference ET, METRIC showed a positive bias of (Formula presented.) mm d−1 (percent bias (PBIAS) (Formula presented.) ; root mean square error (RMSE) (Formula presented.) mm d−1; (Formula presented.) ; (Formula presented.), after excluding one date with anomalous reanalysis forcing), concentrated during flooding and after harvest, whereas at full canopy cover the two estimates converged. Two global ET products that share neither the METRIC formulation nor the ERA5-Land forcing reproduce the same seasonal decline once the canopy closes ((Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.)) but stay far below in magnitude, as expected from their 500 m pixel. ET did not differ between sowing methods and varied only slightly among cultivars (∼0.3 mm d−1), against marked intra-field variability. The METRIC–GEE workflow offers a low-cost, high-resolution tool for monitoring water use in data-scarce arid rice systems.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo