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Factors associated with pathological neonatal jaundice in a national referral hospital of Lima, Perú

Reaño-Velarde A.J.; Salazar-Quiroz Y.I.; Rubin-de Celis Massa V.E. · Blood Transfusion (2026) · DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v73.120372

Resumen

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in both preterm and term neonates (60-80%). Although it is mild and transient (physiological) in most cases, its severe form (pathological jaundice) requires hospitalization to prevent serious complications such as bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus and associated permanent neurological sequelae. Objective: To determine the factors associated with pathological jaundice in a national referral hospital in Peru. Materials and methods: A retrospective case-control study with a 1:1 ratio was conducted in 128 neonates with jaundice treated at a hospital in Lima (Peru) during 2023. Cases were defined as neonates with pathological jaundice (hospitalization) and controls as neonates with physiological jaundice (without hospitalization). To identify the factors associated with pathological jaundice, a bivariate analysis (Chi-square test), and a multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were performed. Results: Neonates born by cesarean section had a lower probability of developing pathological neonatal jaundice (OR: 0.338, p=0.008) compared with those born by vaginal delivery. On the other hand, the presence of neonatal dehydration and ABO incompatibility were significantly associated with a higher probability of this condition (OR: 17.941, p<0.0001; OR: 2.778, p=0.034). Factors such as gestational age, obstetric trauma, sex, Rh incompatibility, and neonatal infections were not significantly associated with the development of pathological jaundice. Conclusions: Neonatal dehydration and ABO incompatibility were risk factors for pathological jaundice in Peruvian neonates treated for jaundice at a national referral hospital. Conversely, cesarean delivery acted as a protective factor.

Instituciones: Universidad Ricardo Palma