Factors associated with moderate and severe COVID-19 in pediatric patients

Ordoñez-Condezo T.E.; Moquillaza-Alcantara V.H. · Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar (2024)

Resumen

Introduction: The prevalence of COVID-19 in minors exceeds 20% in Latin America and has shown increases with the variants of the disease. Its presence in this population is characterized by a higher incidence of complications. Given this, the determinants that increase the probability of mild or asymptomatic cases progressing to moderate or severe cases have not been identified. Objective: To identify the factors associated with moderate and severe COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. The data of 2,232 patients under 18 years of age confirmed with COVID-19, registered in the epidemiological surveillance system of the city of Trujillo, Peru, during 2020 and 2021, were evaluated. The groups of patients with mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 were compared with those with moderate and severe cases. The factors evaluated corresponded to the indicators present in the epidemiological record of the Peruvian Ministry of Health. The association was determined by logistic regression. Results: 5.82% had moderate and severe COVID-19. Adjusted analysis showed that having cardiovascular disease (p= 0.029; ORa: 7.64), chronic neurological disease (p< 0.001; ORa: 12.76), lung disease (p= 0.001; ORa: 11.12), obesity (p= 0.005; ORa: 7.89) and hematological disease (p< 0.001; ORa: 17.70) increase the probability of moderate and severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease, chronic neurological disease, respiratory disease, obesity and hematological disease are associated with moderate and severe COVID-19 in pediatric patients.

Instituciones: Universidad César Vallejo