Factors Associated with Anemia in Infants under 12 Months of Age at a Maternal and Child Health Center

Quijandria Granados A.P.; Vargas M.; Estrella Sinche E.N. · Revista Cubana de Pediatria (2026)

Resumen

Introduction: Anemia is a public health problem that especially affects vulnerable populations such as infants. In Peru, despite implemented strategies, the prevalence of childhood anemia remains high. Identifying factors associated with this condition is essential to develop more effective interventions. Objective: To determine the factors associated with anemia in children under 12 months of age, treated at a Peruvian maternal and child health center between 2021 and 2023. Methods: A quantitative, analytical, retrospective study with a case-control design was conducted. A total of 252 children from 0 to 12 months were included, divided into two groups: 84 cases (diagnosed with anemia) and 168 controls (without anemia). Data collection forms were used, and descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using odds ratio calculation, with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of p < 0.05. For multivariate analysis, multinomial logistic regression was applied and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Results: Multivariate analysis identified a significant association between the development of anemia and the child’s age (OR = 0.369, 95% CI: 0.172-0.791, p = 0.011), as well as birth weight (OR = 2.877, 95% CI: 1.281-6.464, p = 0.011). Conclusions: In children under 12 months of age, age and birth weight are factors that significantly influence the risk of developing anemia. These findings may contribute to preventive strategies and early intervention in vulnerable pediatric populations.

Instituciones: Universidad Ricardo Palma; Universidad Tecnológica del Perú