ESP32-Based Autonomous Environmental Control System for Rain and Proximity-Driven Actuation in Residential Applications

Castro-Vargas C.; Pérez-Ayala P.C.; Salvador-Boza L.D.; Lopez-Lopez M.A.; Soto-Oroya C.A.; Cabana-Cáceres M.R.; Manrique-Suárez L.H.; Ochoa-Sotomayor N.A.; Zuñiga-Fiestas L.A. · Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises (2026) · DOI: 10.18280/jesa.590519

Resumen

This manuscript describes a low-cost autonomous control system used for residential automation based off the ESP32 architecture that has been designed, implemented, and validated through experimental testing. The proposed system comprises two separate and concurrent operational components: a rain detection-based method for protecting laundry and a proximity-based method for activating door locks. Both components operate under an edge computing architecture allowing real-time sensing, decision making, and actuation without any dependence on the cloud. The methodology utilized to validate performance was accomplished through simulation-based verification and physical prototyping, within controlled environments. Experimental results indicate that the rain detection component has an actuating accuracy of 100% with no false activations while the proximity-enabled component has an accuracy of 95% with an average response time of 412 milliseconds. Both components exhibited stable performance in their established sensing ranges with small variances in performance near the respective sensing range limits, due to the limitations of the sensors used in each subsystem. This work shows how well the system works when independent concurrent operations occur. Therefore, this demonstrates the effectiveness of the distributed embedded control architecture. Furthermore, this paper describes creating a unified, low-cost platform with multi-sensor inputs and multi-actuator driven outputs that can run in real time on an edge processor to provide control. This architecture can reduce latency, create simpler systems, and enhance reliability of systems that use the cloud. Moreover, this framework provides the basis for implementing future extensions (adaptive control) and integrating multiple variable systems within a single building.

Instituciones: Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal; Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur