Environmental awareness and environmental management: A review of global evidence and research gaps

Asis E.H.R.; Alvarez S.N.C.; Aguilar J.A.R. · Multidisciplinary Reviews (2026) · DOI: 10.31893/multirev.2026361

Resumen

Amid growing global concern about climate change and the depletion of natural resources, this article analyses how environmental awareness relates to environmental management in the business sector. Through a systematic review of 38 studies published between 2011 and 2025, the main trends, tensions, and gaps between ecological intention and effective action are identified. Despite increasing institutional commitment to sustainability, many companies still face structural and cultural obstacles that impede real transformation. The review reveals that factors such as ethical leadership, organizational incentives, environmental training, and personal values directly influence employees' eco-efficient behavior. Even so, the so-called "green gap" remains a persistent challenge: employees and organizations claim to care about the environment, but do not always translate this into concrete practices. Furthermore, the research highlights relevant regional differences, with countries in the Global North having better support structures and incentives, while in developing countries the institutional context limits sustainable implementation. Digitalization and technology emerge as key tools for closing this gap, although not without challenges. The review proposes integrating interdisciplinary approaches that include behavioral economics, organizational psychology, and technological innovation. It also recommends strengthening environmental literacy, reforming public policies, and promoting organizational cultures consistent with ecological values. In conclusion, the article provides a roadmap for moving from environmental awareness to effective action, with implications for businesses, governments, universities, and consumers. This review identifies that responsible consumption has the potential to revolutionize markets. However, to prevent sustainability from becoming a privilege of the urban elite, we need more people to have easier access to knowledge and more affordable eco-friendly products.

Instituciones: Universidad Autónoma del Perú