Electric charge quantisation in 331 models with exotic charges

Romero Abad D.; Reyes Portales J.; Ramirez Barreto E. · Pramana - Journal of Physics (2020) · DOI: 10.1007/s12043-020-01955-4

Resumen

The extensions of the Standard Model based on the SU(3) C⊗ SU(3) L⊗ U(1) X gauge group are known as 331 models. Different properties such as the fermion assignment and the electric charges of the exotic spectrum, that define a particular 331 model, are fixed by a β parameter. In this article, we study the electric charge quantisation in two versions of the 331 models, set by the conditions β=1/(33) and β= 0. In these frameworks, arise exotic particles, for instance, new leptons and gauge bosons with a fractional electric charge. Additionally, depending on the version, quarks with non-standard fractional electric charges or even neutral appear. Considering the definition of electric charge operator as a linear combination of the group generators that annihilates the vacuum, classical constraints from the invariance of the Lagrangian, and gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies cancellation, the quantisation of the electric charge can be verified in both versions.

Instituciones: Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola