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Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in postmenopausal women

Guzmán Mallqui J.L.; Núñez Barrón C.C.; Sánchez Rodas G.R.; Timana Higinio C.; Pantoja Rojas M.M. · Nutricion Clinica y Dietetica Hospitalaria (2025) · DOI: 10.12873/452guzman

Resumen

Introduction: Osteoporosis affects approximately 33% of women over the age of 50, and 4 out of 10 have associated fractures. Vitamin D is essential for bone homeostasis, but its efficacy in postmenopausal women shows contradictory results in the current scientific literature. Objective: To synthesize the evidence on vitamin D supplementation in improving bone health in postmenopausal women over 50 years of age. Material and methods: A semisystematic review was conducted with search in MEDLINE, Web of Science and SciELO (2014-2024), in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Open studies on vitamin D and bone health in postmenopausal women older than 50 years were included. The design allowed the integration of heterogeneous evidence through narrative analysis, without meta-analysis, partially following PRISMA 2020. Results: Of 511 articles identified, 10 studies (8 clinical trials and 2 prospective) were included after applying eligibility filters. Overall, supplementation with 400 IU daily vitamin D was found to improved bone biomarkers when combined with collagen and calcium. Higher doses (2,000 IU) raised serum 25(OH)D levels with no effect on muscle mass. In a clinical trial, prolonged supplementation reduced vertebral fractures (20% in osteoporosis, 12% in osteopenia). Fortified milk matrices benefited bone remodeling markers. The main adverse effects were hypercalciuria (30.6%) and renal lithiasis, mainly attributed to concomitant calcium. Discussion: The efficacy of vitamin D in postmenopausal women depends on baseline nutritional status, duration of treatment and dose administered. Isolated supplementation showed limited effects, while combinations with calcium and collagen peptides improved bone biomarkers. Conclusion: Vitamin D improves bone health in postmenopausal women only in specific contexts, depending on serum levels, time postmenopause and combination with calcium or collagen, highlighting the need for personalized approaches.

Instituciones: Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola