Effectiveness of a nutritional education intervention on anemia in pregnant women at the first level of care

Jara E.A.; Gutiérrez V.R.O.; Ramírez R.A.G.; Aguilar V.A.O.; Guerra B.A.G.; Aguilar N.G.O. · Revista Peruana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia (2024) · DOI: 10.31403/rpgo.v70i2688

Resumen

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on factors associated with anemia in pregnant women at the first level of care. Methodology: The research corresponds to the applied, quasi-experimental type, which seeks to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention with follow-up in subsequent prenatal controls on the use of iron-rich foods, complementary to routine iron and folic acid supplementation. The variation in the consumption of iron-rich foods, hemoglobin level and anemia in pregnant women attended at P.S Gerardo González Villegas I-2 Tumbes, 2022 was evaluated prospectively. An experimental cohort of a sample of 200 cases and 100 controls was prospectively studied. Results: Before the educational intervention, there was similarity in age (14-42 years) and in urban and rural origin in pregnant women of cases and controls. With the educational intervention it was possible to improve the consumption of foods rich in iron in pregnant women, increase the level of hemoglobin and significantly decrease the incidence of anemia with an efficacy of 61.7% in the population of controls and cases non-intervened and 92.5% only in the population of intervened cases; also, the prevalence of anemia (p<0.05). Conclusions: The impact of the educational intervention developed was positive, because it managed to increase the cognitive level and practices of pregnant women for the prevention of anemia during pregnancy, evidencing changes in eating behavior, improving their nutrition and hemoglobin level, and significantly preventing anemia.

Instituciones: Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego; Universidad Nacional de Piura; Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; Universidad César Vallejo